Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the global challenges for the humanity. Plastics particles of millimeter and micrometer dimensions have been detected everywhere in the environment. Detection of tiny plastic particles in human blood and different organs has caused serious concerns and awareness in the society. Research activities have been initiated globally for better understanding the possible routes of entry and translocation of micro- and nano-plastics in human body. In vitro and in vivo studies have generated some primary data on these aspects. However, the major challenges in gathering data from clinical studies are lack of established methodology for designing ethically correct experiments, detection and identification of plastic particles and regulatory guidelines that needs to be designed specifically for micro- and nanoplastics. In this mini review article, readers are navigated through the recent updates on the clinical studies with microplastics and current challenges with some critical inputs.